Sumário Itens Encontrados: 451PART IDatabase Architecture1 Getting Started with the Oracle Architecture 32 Upgrading to Oracle Database 11g 493 Planning and Managing Tablespaces 614 Physical Database Layouts and Storage Management 75PART IIDatabase Management5 Developing and Implementing Applications 1236 Monitoring Space Usage 1637 Managing Transactions with Undo Tablespaces 2078 Database Tuning 2419 Database Security and Auditing 277PART IIIHigh Availability10 Real Application Clusters 34911 Backup and Recovery Options 39112 Using Recovery Manager (RMAN) 41713 Oracle Data Guard 47514 Miscellaneous High Availability Features 495viiPART IVNetworked Oracle15 Oracle Net 51116 Managing Large Databases 54317 Managing Distributed Databases 599Appendix: Installation and Configuration 635Index 653An Overview of Databases and Instances 4Databases 4Instances 5Oracle Logical Storage Structures 6Tablespaces 6Blocks 7Extents 7Segments 7Oracle Logical Database Structures 8Tables 8Constraints 15Indexes 17Views 19Users and Schemas 21Profiles 21Sequences 22Synonyms 22PL/SQL 22External File Access 23Database Links and Remote Databases 24Oracle Physical Storage Structures 24Datafiles 25Redo Log Files 26Control Files 26Archived Log Files 27Initialization Parameter Files 27ixFor more information about this title, click hereAlert and Trace Log Files 28Backup Files 28Oracle Managed Files 29Password Files 29Multiplexing Database Files 29Automatic Storage Management 29Manual Multiplexing 30Oracle Memory Structures 32System Global Area 32Program Global Area 35Software Code Area 35Background Processes 35Backup/Recovery Overview 38Export/Import 38Offline Backups 38Online Backups 39RMAN 39Security Capabilities 39Privileges and Roles 39Auditing 40Fine-grained Auditing 40Virtual Private Database 41Label Security 41Real Application Clusters 41Oracle Streams 42Oracle Enterprise Manager 42Oracle Initialization Parameters 43Basic Initialization Parameters 43Advanced Initialization Parameters 47Choosing an Upgrade Method 51Before Upgrading 52Using the Database Upgrade Assistant 53Performing a Manual Direct Upgrade 54Using Export and Import 57Export and Import Versions to Use 57Performing the Upgrade 57Using the Data-Copying Method 58After Upgrading 59Tablespace Architecture 62Tablespace Types 62Optimal Flexible Architecture 68Oracle Installation Tablespaces 72SYSTEM 72SYSAUX 72TEMP 72UNDOTBS1 73USERS 73EXAMPLE 73Segment Segregation 73Traditional Disk Space Storage 76Resizing Tablespaces and Datafiles 76Moving Datafiles 92Moving Online Redo Log Files 94Moving Control Files 96Automatic Storage Management 98ASM Architecture 98Creating an ASM Instance 99ASM Instance Components 101ASM Dynamic Performance Views 103ASM Filename Formats 103ASM File Types and Templates 105Administering ASM Disk Groups 107Tuning by Design: Best Practices 124Do As Little As Possible 124Do It As Simply As Possible 127Tell the Database What It Needs to Know 129Maximize the Throughput in the Environment 129Divide and Conquer Your Data 130Test Correctly 131Standard Deliverables 133Resource Management and Stored Outlines 136Implementing the Database Resource Manager 136Implementing Stored Outlines 140Sizing Database Objects 143Using Temporary Tables 149Supporting Tables Based on Abstract Datatypes 150Using Object Views 151Security for Abstract Datatypes 154Indexing Abstract Datatype Attributes 156Quiescing and Suspending the Database 157Supporting Iterative Development 158Iterative Column Definitions 159Forcing Cursor Sharing 159Managing Package Development 160Generating Diagrams 160Space Requirements 160Tuning Goals 161Security Requirements 161Data Requirements 161Version Requirements 161Execution Plans 161Acceptance Test Procedures 162The Testing Environment 162Common Space Management Problems 164Running Out of Free Space in a Tablespace 165Insufficient Space for Temporary Segments 165Too Much or Too Little Undo Space Allocated 165Fragmented Tablespaces and Segments 166Oracle Segments, Extents, and Blocks 166Data Blocks 167Extents 169Segments 170Data Dictionary Views and Dynamic Performance Views 171DBA_TABLESPACES 171DBA_SEGMENTS 172DBA_EXTENTS 172DBA_FREE_SPACE 173DBA_LMT_FREE_SPACE 173DBA_THRESHOLDS 173DBA_OUTSTANDING_ALERTS 174DBA_ALERT_HISTORY 174V$ALERT_TYPES 174V$UNDOSTAT 175V$OBJECT_USAGE 175V$SORT_SEGMENT 175V$TEMPSEG_USAGE 175Space Management Methodologies 175Locally Managed Tablespaces 176Using OMF to Manage Space 177Bigfile Tablespaces 178Automatic Storage Management 179Undo Management Considerations 181SYSAUX Monitoring and Usage 182Archived Redo Log File Management 184Built-in Space Management Tools 184Segment Advisor 185Undo Advisor and the Automatic Workload Repository 187Index Usage 189Space Usage Warning Levels 190Resumable Space Allocation 192Managing Alert and Trace Files with ADR 195OS Space Management 197Space Management Scripts 197Segments That Cannot Allocate Additional Extents 197Used and Free Space by Tablespace and Datafile 198Automating and Streamlining the Notification Process 199Using DBMS_SCHEDULER 199OEM Job Control and Monitoring 200Transaction Basics 208Undo Basics 209Rollback 209Read Consistency 209Database Recovery 210Flashback Operations 210Managing Undo Tablespaces 210Creating Undo Tablespaces 210Undo Tablespace Dynamic Performance Views 216Undo Tablespace Initialization Parameters 216Multiple Undo Tablespaces 217Sizing and Monitoring the Undo Tablespace 220Read Consistency vs. Successful DML 222Flashback Features 223Flashback Query 223DBMS_FLASHBACK 225Flashback Transaction Backout 227Flashback Table 227Flashback Version Query 232Flashback Transaction Query 234Flashback Data Archive 236Flashback and LOBs 239Migrating to Automatic Undo Management 239Tuning Application Design 243Effective Table Design 243Distribution of CPU Requirements 244Effective Application Design 245Tuning SQL 247Impact of Order on Load Rates 248Additional Indexing Options 249Generating Explain Plans 250Tuning Memory Usage 252Specifying the Size of the SGA 255Using the Cost-Based Optimizer 256Implications of the COMPUTE STATISTICS Option 257Tuning Data Access 257Locally Managed Tablespaces 257Identifying Chained Rows 258Increasing the Oracle Block Size 259Using Index-Organized Tables 260Tuning Issues for Index-Organized Tables 261Tuning Data Manipulation 262Bulk Inserts: Using the SQL*Loader Direct Path Option 262Bulk Data Moves: Using External Tables 263Bulk Inserts: Common Traps and Successful Tricks 264Bulk Deletes: The truncate Command 265Using Partitions 266Tuning Physical Storage 267Using Raw Devices 267Using Automatic Storage Management 267Reducing Network Traffic 268Replication of Data Using Materialized Views 268Using Remote Procedure Calls 270Using the Automatic Workload Repository 270Managing Snapshots 271Managing Baselines 271Generating AWR Reports 272Running the Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor Reports 272Using the Automatic SQL Tuning Advisor 272Tuning Solutions 275Non-Database Security 279Database Authentication Methods 279Database Authentication 280Database Administrator Authentication 280Operating System Authentication 283Network Authentication 2843-Tier Authentication 286Client-Side Authentication 286Oracle Identity Management 286User Accounts 288Database Authorization Methods 292Profile Management 292System Privileges 299Object Privileges 302Creating, Assigning, and Maintaining Roles 306Using a VPD to Implement Application Security Policies 313Auditing 331Auditing Locations 331Statement Auditing 332Privilege Auditing 336Schema Object Auditing 337Fine-Grained Auditing 338Auditing-Related Data Dictionary Views 339Protecting the Audit Trail 340Enabling Enhanced Auditing 340Data Encryption Techniques 342DBMS_CRYPTO Package 342Transparent Data Encryption 342Overview of Real Application Clusters 350Hardware Configuration 351Software Configuration 351Network Configuration 351Disk Storage 352Installation and Setup 353Operating System Configuration 354Software Installation 360RAC Characteristics 378Server Parameter File Characteristics 379RAC-related Initialization Parameters 380Dynamic Performance Views 380RAC Maintenance 382Starting Up a RAC 382Redo Logs in a RAC Environment 383Undo Tablespaces in a RAC Environment 383Failover Scenarios and TAF 383RAC Node Failure Scenario 385Tuning a RAC Node 389Tablespace Management 390Capabilities 392Logical Backups 392Physical Backups 393Offline Backups 393Online Backups 394Using Data Pump Export and Import 395Creating a Directory 395Data Pump Export Options 396Starting a Data Pump Export Job 399Data Pump Import Options 403Starting a Data Pump Import Job 406Comparing Data Pump Export/Import to Export/Import 410Implementing Offline Backups 411Implementing Online Backups 411Integration of Backup Procedures 414Integration of Logical and Physical Backups 415Integration of Database and Operating System Backups 416RMAN Features and Components 418RMAN Components 419RMAN vs. Traditional Backup Methods 420Backup Types 421Overview of RMAN Commands and Options 423Frequently Used Commands 423Setting Up a Repository 423Registering a Database 428Persisting RMAN Settings 428Initialization Parameters 432Data Dictionary and Dynamic Performance Views 433Backup Operations 434Full Database Backups 435Tablespace 439Datafiles 442Image Copies 442Control File, SPFILE Backup 444Archived Redo Logs 444Incremental Backups 445Incrementally Updated Backups 447Incremental Backup Block Change Tracking 450Backup Compression 451Using a Flash Recovery Area 452Validating Backups 453Recovery Operations 455Block Media Recovery 455Restoring a Control File 456Restoring a Tablespace 456Restoring a Datafile 459Restoring an Entire Database 461Validating Restore Operations 464Point in Time Recovery 465Data Recovery Advisor 465Miscellaneous Operations 470Cataloging Other Backups 470Catalog Maintenance 471REPORT and LIST 472Data Guard Architecture 476Physical vs. Logical Standby Databases 477Data Protection Modes 477LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n Parameter Attributes 478Creating the Standby Database Configuration 479Preparing the Primary Database 480Creating Logical Standby Databases 484Using Real-Time Apply 486Managing Gaps in Archive Log Sequences 486Managing RolesâSwitchovers and Failovers 487Switchovers 487Switchovers to Physical Standby Databases 487Switchovers to Logical Standby Databases 489Failovers to Physical Standby Databases 490Failovers to Logical Standby Databases 490Administering the Databases 491Startup and Shutdown of Physical Standby Databases 491Opening Physical Standby Databases in Read-Only Mode 491Managing Datafiles in Data Guard Environments 492Performing DDL on a Logical Standby Database 492Recovering Dropped Tables Using Flashback Drop 496The Flashback Database Command 498Using LogMiner 500How LogMiner Works 500Extracting the Data Dictionary 501Analyzing One or More Redo Log Files 502LogMiner Features Introduced in Oracle Database 10g 504LogMiner Features Introduced in Oracle Database 11g 505Online Object Reorganization 506Creating Indexes Online 506Rebuilding Indexes Online 506Coalescing Indexes Online 506Rebuilding Index-Organized Tables Online 506Redefining Tables Online 507Overview of Oracle Net 512Connect Descriptors 515Net Service Names 516Replacing tnsnames.ora with Oracle Internet Directory 517Listeners 517Using the Oracle Net Configuration Assistant 520Configuring the Listener 521Using the Oracle Net Manager 525Starting the Listener Server Process 527Controlling the Listener Server Process 528The Oracle Connection Manager 531Using Connection Manager 531Directory Naming with Oracle Internet Directory 534Using Easy Connect Naming 537Using Database Links 538Tuning Oracle Net 540Limiting Resource Usage 541Debugging Connection Problems 541Creating Tablespaces in a VLDB Environment 545Bigfile Tablespace Basics 545Creating and Modifying Bigfile Tablespaces 546Bigfile Tablespace ROWID Format 546DBMS_ROWID and Bigfile Tablespaces 547Using DBVERIFY with Bigfile Tablespaces 550Bigfile Tablespace Initialization Parameter Considerations 551Bigfile Tablespace Data Dictionary Changes 552Advanced Oracle Table Types 552Index-Organized Tables 553Global Temporary Tables 553External Tables 555Partitioned Tables 557Materialized Views 589Using Bitmap Indexes 589Understanding Bitmap Indexes 589Using Bitmap Indexes 590Using Bitmap Join Indexes 590Oracle Data Pump 591Data Pump Export 592Data Pump Import 592Using Transportable Tablespaces 593Remote Queries 601Remote Data Manipulation: Two-Phase Commit 602Dynamic Data Replication 603Managing Distributed Data 604The Infrastructure: Enforcing Location Transparency 604Managing Database Links 609Managing Database Triggers 610Managing Materialized Views 612Using DBMS_MVIEW and DBMS_ADVISOR 616What Kind of Refreshes Can Be Performed? 625Using Materialized Views to Alter Query Execution Paths 629Managing Distributed Transactions 630Resolving In-Doubt Transactions 631Commit Point Strength 631Monitoring Distributed Databases 632Tuning Distributed Databases 632Software Installation 636Overview of Licensing and Installation Options 637Using OUI to Install the Oracle Software 638Using the DBCA to Create a Database 638Manually Creating a Database 649