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BOOK ORACLE HIGH AVAILABILITY, DISASTER RECOVERY, AND CLOUD SERVICES EXPLORE RAC, DATA GUARD, AND CLOUD TECHNOLOGY
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SUMMARY
Items Found:
372
Chapter 1: Introduction to High Availability and Disaster Recovery
with Cloud Technology 1
Why High Availability? 3
Best Practices for a High Availability Environment 7
Data Guard 10
Maximum Performance 10
Maximum Protection 10
Maximum Availability 10
Importance of HA and DR 11
Evolution of Cloud Technologies 11
Advantages of Having a Cloud Environment 15
Centralized Location 15
Setup Cost 15
Operational Cost 16
Duration to Create the Setup 17
Scalability 17
Optimization and Modification 17
Ease of Handling 18
Migration 18
Security 18
Variety of Applications 19
Free from Operations Headaches: Licensing Expiration 19
iv
Differences Between On-Premises, IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS 19
On-Premise 20
IaaS 20
PaaS 21
SaaS 21
Summary 21
Chapter 2: Oracle Active Data Guard with Cloud Services 23
Types of DR Databases 24
Physical Standby Databases 24
Logical Standby Databases 25
DR Activity Attributes 26
Log Destination 26
ARCH 26
Log Writer Process 27
LNS 27
RFS 27
Behavior of the DR Activity 28
Maximum Protection 28
Maximum Availability 28
Maximum Performance 28
Differences Between Modes 29
Switchover 29
Failover 32
Data Guard Broker 33
DG Setup in the Cloud 35
DBaaS Tool Update 35
dbaascli Commands to Data Guard 38
dbaascli Data Guard Switchover 40
dbaascli Data Guard Failover 42
dbaascli Data Guard Reinstate 44
v
Data Guard Switchover Through the GUI 46
Data Guard Failover Through the GUI 50
Hybrid DR 53
Automatic Approach 54
Manual Approach 62
Backup Utility for the Primary Database in Cloud 68
Backing Up to Cloud Storage 68
Backing Up to Disk and Cloud Storage 69
Managing DR Instances Through DBaaS Monitor/Oracle SQL Developer Web 71
Enable the Login Schema 73
Using the Schema 77
Using the GUI 77
Summary 89
Chapter 3: High Availability for Cloud Control 13c 91
OEM Agent High Availability Setup 91
Directory Structures and Their Purpose 91
Checking the Current Agent High Availability Configuration 92
Changing the Agent’s High Availability Configuration 93
HA and MAA Best Practices for the OEM 13c Repository Database 95
Creating the Repository in a 12.2 Primary Database on a RAC Database 95
Setting Recommended Parameters for the Primary Database 96
Creating a Data Guard Standby of the OEMREPO Database with OEM 13.2
Cloud Control 97
OMS High Availability Setup 129
Adding a Second OMS Server 130
Configuring the Application Servers for Disaster Recovery 166
OEM Always-On Monitoring 178
Configuring AOM 178
Starting AOM 185
vi
Bug 25132376 185
Enabling Notifications 186
Summary 186
Chapter 4: GI and RAC Options 187
ASM Filter Driver 187
Configuring the ASM Filter Driver 188
Manual Configuration of the ASM Filter Driver 189
ACFS Snapshot Replication 194
ACFS Creation on the Source Cluster 194
ACFS Creation on the Standby 196
Public Keys 198
Initiating Replication on the Standby 201
Initiating Replication on the Primary 204
Testing the Replication 205
HANFS Filesystems (NFS v3) 207
HANFS (NFS v3) Server-Side Setup 207
HANFS (NFS v3) Client-Side Setup 215
Oracle Flex Clusters 217
Adding a Leaf Node to a Freshly Installed Cluster 219
Flex Redundancy Disk groups 232
Creating a Flex Disk group 232
Filegroup 234
Rapid Home Provisioning 240
Configuring the RHP Server Resource 241
Using the Existing RDBMS and GI Installations on the RHP Server
as Golden Images 243
Provisioning a Working Copy of the GI Home 244
ORACLE_HOME for 12.2 GI Provisioning 248
Converting the Target Cluster into an RHP Cluster 250
Provisioning a Working Copy of the RDBMS Home 251
vii
Provisioning a Database on the Client Cluster 253
Database SYS/SYSTEM Passwords 255
Summary 255
Chapter 5: Troubleshooting and Conducting Health Checks for
High Availability 257
Cluster Verification Utility 257
Software Home Checks 258
File System Space Checks 260
Cluster Verification Utility Health Checks 262
Database Health Checks 262
Cluster Health Checks 270
Cluster Verification Utility Baselines 273
Orachk 276
Upgrading Orachk 277
Orachk/Exachk and Oracle RESTful Data Services 277
Recommended Settings for Orachk Daemons 279
Trace File Analyzer 281
Upgrading TFA to Include the Support Tools Bundle 281
Using Trace File Analyzer to Manage Logfiles 283
New Health Check and Troubleshooting Features in 12.2 290
Cluster Health Advisor 290
Summary 292
Chapter 6: Best Practices in Oracle Data Guard with Tips and Techniques 293
Creating a Standby Database Using DBCA 293
Expected Error Messages per Limitations 293
Example of a DBCA-Created Standby 294
Alternative Ways to Supply the SYS Password 295
Diagnostic Pack on Active Data Guard 295
The SYS$UMF User 296
Creating the DB Links 297
Configuring the Remote Management Framework Topology 298
Viewing the Topology information 299
Taking AWR Snapshots on ADG Databases 300
Creating AWR Reports for the Standby Database 300
SQL Tuning Advisor in ADG Databases 302
Creating a Database Link for the SQL Tuning Advisor 302
Tuning a Query 303
RMAN Support for NONLOGGED BLOCK recovery 306
Creating a Table with the NOLOGGING Clause 306
The Effect of NOLOGGING Operations on the Physical Standby 308
Fixing the Problem 309
Data Guard Support for Multiple Observers 311
Starting Multiple Observers 312
Determining the Master Observer 312
Manually Changing the Master Observer 314
Data Guard Multi-instance Apply 314
Broker Example 315
SQLPLUS Example 315
Selectively Applying Redo for PDBs in Data Guard 315
Effects of the ENABLED_PDBS_ON_STANDBY Parameter 316
Disabling Redo Apply for an Existing PDB 319
Data Guard Database Compare 319
Using DBMS_DBCOMP to Detect Nologging Operations 320
Contents of the dbcomp.txt File 321
Password File Change Synchronization 323
Checksums Prior to the SYS Password Change 324
Changing the Password 324
Checksums After to the SYS Password Change 324
In-Memory Columnar Store for ADG Instances 325
Role Transition Connection Preservation 326
ix
Establishing the Connection 326
Performing the Role Transition 327
Checking the Existing Session 327
PDB Migrate 328
ALTCDB Broker Configuration 329
Broker Configuration 329
The Migration 330
Source Database Alert Log Entry 331
Target Database Alert Log Entry 331
State of ALTCDB Post-Migration 332
Summary 333
Chapter 7: Oracle Sharding 335
Components of the Sharding Architecture 337
Methods of Sharding 339
CREATE TABLE Syntax in SDB 340
Installation and Configuration 341
Add the DNS or Hosts File Entries 343
Add a Disk for Database Storage, Create LVM on It, and Mount It 343
Calculate the Size of /dev/shm 344
Disable iptables and Firewalls on All Hosts 344
Disable IPv6 345
Install the Oracle RDBMS Pre-installation RPM on All Hosts 345
Create the Necessary Directories on Each Sharded Database
(shdb1 and shdb2) and Catalog/GSM Nodes (shcat) 345
Install the Database Software in Silent Mode on Each Sharded Database
(shdb[1-4]) and Catalog/GSM Node (shcat) 346
Create a Noncontainer Database Using DBCA and a Local Listener
Using NETCA on the Catalog/GSM Node Only 347
Install the GSM Software on the Catalog/GSM Node (shcat) 352
Create a Shard Catalog Schema in the SHRCAT Database in the SHCAT Node 357
Start the Scheduler Agents on Sharding Nodes 360
x
Using GSDCTL to Create the Shard Catalog 363
Create the Shard Group, Director, and Shards 365
Deploy Shards Using GSDCTL 368
Create the Global Service 373
Disable the FSFO-Observer (Optional) 374
Create Tablespaces, Schemas, and Tables 378
Testing the Methodology 383
Troubleshooting 393
High Availability with Oracle Sharded Databases 396
Backup and Recovery for SDBs 397
Summary 398
Chapter 8: Oracle Engineered Systems for High Availability 399
Oracle Database Appliance Performance Optimization 402
Technical Specifications of the ODA x7-2 Family 402
Oracle Database Appliance x7-2-HA Architecture and Storage Specifications 403
ODA Deployment Models 406
ODA Bare-Metal Components 406
ODA Virtualized Components 407
Options for ODA Virtualized Environments 409
Deployment in ODA 410
The Flow of Deployment in ODA 411
ODA Deployment in a Bare-Metal Environment 411
ODA Deployment in a Virtualized Environment 418
Purging LOGs in ODA 423
Management and Diagnostics of ODA 424
Auto Service Request (ASR) 424
ODA ORACHK 424
OEM ODA Plug-In 425
Diagnostics Collection 425
odaadmcli manage diagcollect 425
xi
System Check for ODA Environments 426
Details of the ODA Assessment Report 429
ODA Patching 429
Prerequisites 431
Applying the 12.1.2.10.0 Patch 431
Using ODACLI Commands to Patch a System and Upgrade Databases 444
Updating the Repository of Grid Infrastructure and Databases
Using the ODACLI Command 446
Updating the Databases to the Latest PSU 449
Upgrading Database Patchsets or to Major Releases 450
ODACLI Commands 451
Commands for Creating Databases 451
Appliance Commands 451
CPU Core Commands 452
Database Commands 452
DB Home Commands 453
DB Storage Commands 453
ODAADMCLI Commands 454
Storage Commands 454
Hardware Monitoring 454
Resize the ACFS File System in ODA 455
Nondatabase Volumes 456
Database Volumes 456
Alert Received from EM Cloud Control 457
Using the OAKCLI Command Utility with Databases 458
Creating a Single-Instance Database 459
Creating a RAC Database 460
Upgrading the Database from Oracle 11g R2 (11.2.0.4.0) to
Oracle 12c R2 (12.1.0.2.0) 462
Creating a Snapshot Database 463
Dropping a Snapshot Database 465
Dropping a Database 465
Dismounting an ACFS Filesystem 466
gDBClone Package for Oracle Engineered Systems 471
gDBClone Package RPM Installation 471
Using gDBClone 474
Oracle Exadata Database Machine 475
Oracle Exadata Hardware Generation Advances from v1 to X7 476
Oracle Exadata Database Machine x7-2 Component Specifications 476
Oracle Exadata Unique Smart Database Software Features 478
Enhancements and Features of Oracle Exadata x7-2 479
Oracle Exadata x7 High vs. Normal Redundancy 480
Oracle Exadata Deployment Assistant 480
M.2 Hot-Swappable Boot Drives from Oracle Exadata x7-2 481
Finding the Model of the Oracle Exadata 482
Information on Oracle Exadata Database Machine Models 483
Improved Oracle Database Deployment Assistant 483
Oracle Exadata x7: Unique Fault-Tolerant In-Memory Databases 483
Quorum Disks in Oracle Exadata 484
Checking the Volumes (/ and /u01) in All Oracle Exadata Compute Nodes 485
Configuring Hugepages in Oracle Exadata 487
Generating Cell Events on Exadata Storage Server 488
Configuring SSH Equivalence from Oracle Exadata Compute Nodes
to All Exadata Storage Servers and IB Nodes for the Root User 490
Disk Scrubbing Feature for Oracle Exadata Storage Server 492
Deleting Trace Files from Oracle Exadata Storage Servers 498
Oracle Exadata x7-2: Do-Not-Service LED Property 500
Online Flash Disk Replacement in Oracle Exadata x7 502
RAID 0 on Flash Disks in Oracle Exadata x7 503
Oracle Exadata x7: Disk Controller CacheVault Flash Module Monitoring 504
Exafusion Parameter on the Oracle Exadata Database Machine 505
Oracle Exadata: Flash Cache Compression 507
Flash Card Changes in Oracle Exadata x4-2/x6-2 508
Oracle Exadata: Patch Backups Taking Up a Lot of Disk Space 512
Snap Clone Feature in Oracle Exadata 513
Summary 515
Chapter 9: Oracle Cloud Overview 517
General Cloud Concepts: What Is a Private Cloud? 518
What Is a Public Cloud? 519
What Is a Hybrid Cloud? 520
What Is a Community Cloud? 520
What Is the Oracle Public Cloud? 520
What Is Oracle’s Software as a Service? 520
What Is Oracle’s Platform as a Service? 520
What Is Oracle’s Infrastructure as a Service? 521
Oracle Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) 522
Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Concepts 523
Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Key Concepts 524
Signing Up for Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Services 528
Signing In to the Console 530
Virtual Cloud Network 530
Subnet 531
Internet Gateway 531
Dynamic Routing Gateway 531
Security List 532
Route Table 533
Creating a Compute Instance in the Public Cloud 537
Oracle Database Cloud Service Options 552
Database Standard Edition 553
Database Enterprise Edition 553
xiv
Database Enterprise Edition High Performance 553
Database Enterprise Edition Extreme Performance 554
Database Cloud Deployment Scenarios 554
Bronze Category 554
Silver Category 555
Gold Category 555
Platinum Category 555
Significance of a Maximum Availability Architecture 556
Disaster Recovery Deployments with the Oracle Public Cloud 557
Moving an On-Premise Database to the Oracle Database Cloud Service 571
Summary 574
Chapter 10: Exadata Cloud Provisioning 575
Exadata Cloud Service on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure 576
Exadata Cloud Service: Provisioning 577
Using the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Dashboard 578
Recommended Configuration for Security Rules 588
Creating the Exadata Database System 594
Summary 599
Chapter 11: Migrating Databases to Exadata Cloud Service Using DIPC 601
Creating a DBCS Service 603
Creating a DIPC Service (18.x.x) 608
Generating a Secure Shell (SSH) Public/Private Key Pair on Linux 611
Generate SSH Key Pair on Windows Using the PuTTYgen Program 612
DIPC Remote Agent Deployment 616
Configuring a Remote Agent for the On-Premise Host 619
Configuration On-Premise 641
Setting Up and Starting the SOCKS5 Proxy Tunnel for the PUMP Process 645
Steps to Access DIPC VM and DBCS/EXACS 646
Connecting to the DIPC VM via VNC 650
Steps to connect to DBCS/EXACS from the DIPC VM 651
Configuring the DIPC VM 652
Starting the OGG Pump and Replicate Process 660
Validating 660
Gathering Stats 661
Summary 662
Chapter 12: Managing Exadata Cloud Service 663
Agent Deployment on Exadata Cloud Service 665
Creating the Credentials 666
Deploying the Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control Agent 667
Standard Agent Deployment on ExaCS with a VPN 667
Summary 668
Index 669